Building block and wall



h 29 19 Marc 27 N. E. CLEMENTSON BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL Filed Aug. 4;1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 1927' N. E. CLEMENTSON BUILDING BLOCK ANDWALL Filed Aug. 4. 1?.26 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m H 0/ ma w\ X L P w. L w w Hi L i M x L TM Q i lil Patented Mar. 29, 1927.

PATENT OFFECE.

NILS E. CLEMENTSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL.

Application filed August 4, 1928.

This invention relates to building blocks, used for constructing thewalls of buildings, and to walls made of blocks and used as retainingwalls for cuts, fills and embankments, and to means for reinforcing saidwalls. I

Blocks embodying this invention may be made of a hydrated concretemixture, of brick, or of tile.

Among the objects of this invention is the production of an artificialblock to form a member of a wall and of a saddle of metal which willco-operate with said block so as to obtain a reinforced wall welladapted to withstand both longitudinal and lateral strains. Anadditional objectis to obtain a hollow block which can be built into awall and reinforced so-as to obtain a wall of limited thickness welladapted to form a retaining wall. An additional object is to obtain areinforced wall built up of blocks which Will be moisture proof, andwill substantially prevent heat and cold passing therethrough. Anadditional object is to obtain hollow blocks which can be built into areinforced wall well adapted to prevent buckling under a heavy load, orby earth tremors; and a block which will ensure a vertical wall, and onehaving similar joints at abutting blocks. An additional object is toobtain a wall built up of blocks and reinforced in such manner as toenable it to resist considerable side pressure while of small lateraldimension, when used as a retaining wall.

The manner in which the several objects of the invention are attained isillustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming a part hereof anddescribed and claimed herein; and in said drawings Fig. 1 is ahorizontal section of a'wall embodying the invention taken on line 1-1of Fig. 3, viewed as indicated by arrows.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a section of a wall embodying theinvention, with the outer face of a portion thereof broken away to showthe interior of blocks of which it is built up and the reinforcing meansforming a part of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the wall illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,taken on line 33 of Fig. 2, viewed as indicated by arrows.

Fig. 4 is an isometric perspective of a block which is built into a wallembodying Serial No. 127,031.

the invention and which forms the greater portion of said wall. I

F g. 5 is an isometric perspective of a block forming a joist supportingcourse of said wall.

F g. 6 1s an isometric perspective of a block forming a course restingon the joist supporting course of. the wall.

And Flg. 7 is an isometric perspectiveof a block forming the secondcourse above the which is adapted to form a member of a large majorityof the courses forming a wall embodying the invention. 2, Figs. 3

and 5, represents a block which is adapted to form a member of a joistsupporting course of said wall. 3, Figs. 1 and 6, represents a blockwhich is adapted to form a member of a course of the wall embodying theinvention which is adjacent to joist supported by the wall, and whichrests on and is supported by the joist supporting course of the wall. 4,Figs. 3 and 7, represents a block which is adapted to form a member ofthe course resting on the course formed by blocks 3. 5 represents theinside face of blocks 1 and 2. 6 represents the inside face of blocks 3,and 7, 7", the inside faces of block 4. 8 representsthe outside faces ofall the blocks illustrated. 9' represents a vertical space or passagewayextending through the blocks 1, 3 and 4, adjacent or next to the .outerwall having face 8. 10 represents a vertical space orpassage wayextending through block 1, adjacent to the inner wall of the block; 1O asimilarly positioned vertical space or passage way 6X- tending throughblock 3, and 10 10, similarly positioned vertical spaces or passage waysthrough block 4. 11 represents a central vertical air space 'or passageway: in blocks 1 and 3, respectively; and 11, 11* vertical spaces orpassage ways, centrally positioned between spaces 9 and 10", 10. 12represents recesses in the ends of blocks 1 and 4, and in one end ofblock 3. These recesses 12- are all of the same width and depth. Thedistance from the inner face of the end walls of spaces 11 is the sameas the distance from the face of the end walls of spaces. 11*, 11 whichare adjacent to the ends of block 4. 13 represent apertures in thehorizontal member of block 2. 1%, Fig. 3, represent recesses in block 2which extend up from the under side of said block to the horizontalmember thereof. 15 rep resents a rabbet at one end of block 3 to. permitthe end of joist, (16) to rest on the upper face of block 2, and 15represents a recess in block 4 into which the end of joist 16 may enter.17, Figs. 2 and 8 represents a foundation metal plate; and 18 metalsaddles which extend through apertures provided therefor in. plate 17.19 represents nutson the lower ends of saddles 18, to secure saidsaddles in said plate. 20 represents a. concrete mixture which pouredover, around and under plate 17, to form-the footing of the wall.

In constructing a wall embodying this invention, after the footing 20has set a course of blocks 1 is laid thereon, with suitable mortar onthe ends and under sides thereof, the said saddles 18 being enclosed inthe spaces 11 of said blocks, the outer faces of the legs of saidsaddleslitting closely to the ends of said spaces, and the side faces ofsaid legs lit ting closely to the fates of the sides of said spaces. Theend of the blocks forming this course are thus brought closely together,and said blocks are thus firmly anchored to the footing. Similarsaddles, 1 8 F ig. 2, may then be placed in apertures 11 of the courseresting on the footing, with the cross bars of said saddles resting onthe cross bars of saddles 18, and additional courses formed respectivelyof blocks 1, may be laid on said first named course, until the ends ofsaddles 18 are contained in a space 11 of the blocks of the top course.Preferably in laying the courses as last above described some of thesaddles 18 do,

not have a saddle 18" placed thereon with the cross bar thereof incontact with the cross bar of a saddle 18; but after said courses to andincluding the one in which the upper ends of saddles 18 are contained inthe spaces 11 of blocks in the top course so far laid, additionalsaddles, 18 are inserted, with the lower ends of the parallel bars ofsaid additional saddles resting on the cross bars of saddles 18, andwith the cross bars thereof in a space 11 of a block in said upper ortop course.

It is to be observed that the distance of the inner faces of the ends ofspace 11, in

cent to the ends of block 4. That is, when the parallel bars of a saddleare contained in a space 11, 11, or 11*, of blocks in different courses,the inside faces of parallel members of saddles will be in contact withthe inner faces of the ends of said spaces 11. Also, the apertures 13 inblock 2 are positioned and spaced so the ends of the parallel members ofa saddle may extend therethrou-gh and into spaces 11 of blocks in adifferent course, (above or below said block 2). The saddles 18, 18 and18, are preferably made of a square bar of iron which corre-- spondswith the width of the several spaces 11, 11, and 11 The parallel bars ormem bers of the several saddles thus fit closelyto the inner faces ofthe side walls of the several spaces, as well as the inner faces of theparallel members fitting closely to the end walls of said spaces inadjacent blocks. The cross member of each of said saddles are of alength so that when said cross memher is in a space 11 the outer face ofthe parallel members of said saddle fit closely to the inner faces ofthe ends ofsaid. spacqand of all said spaces in the blocks of additionalcourses through which said parallel members extend.

It is evident that the length of the parallel members in a saddle mayvary, so that some of said parallel members may extend through spaces ina varying number of courses of said blocks, care being taken that thelength of said parallel members is such that the cross members thereofare in a space 11, while the ends of the parallel members rest on or areclose to an adjacent saddle, (in a course above or below).

19, 20 represent additional recesses in the ends of the several blocks1, 2, and 4, respectively, to obtain additional vertical spaces betweenthe ends of adjacent blocks in a given course. V

lVherev-er a cross member of a saddle is inserted in a spacell thevertical passage way formed by said space is. closed, so that,- deadvertical air spaces are formed between said cross members in the wall,that is, from one cross member to. an additional cross member.

By applying a hydrated cement mixture to the saddles immediately priorto placing a block thereover, orimmediately prior to inserting saidsaddle or the parallel members thereof in a block, the mixture soapplied will form a bond between the saddle and the block, andadditional strength will be there by given to the reinforced wall.

I claim:

1. A wall constructed of blocks. respective ly provided with a verticalspace extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the endsthereof substantially in line with, and of substantially the same widthas said space, in combination with metal members comprising a crosselement and parallel elesaid blocks and said cross element andsaidparallel elements in said metal members so related that when saidcross element is in said space of a block in a course of blocks saidblocks are anchored to said footing, and when said cross element is in aspace in a block and said parallel elements are in said space inadjacent blocks of a course said adjacent blocks are bound together.

2. A wall constructed of blocks respective ly provided with a verticalspace extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the endsthereof substantially in line with said space and of substantially thesame Width, in combination with metal members comprising a cross elementand parallel elements thereto, said space and said recesses in saidblocks and said cross element and parallel elements of said metal memberso related that when said cross element is in a space in a block andsaid parallel elements are in spaces in adjacent blocks of an additionalcourse of blocks, said adjacent blocks are anchored together.

3. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a verticalspace extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the endsthereof substantially in line with said space and of substantially thesame width, in combination with metal members comprising a cross elementand parallel elements thereto, said space, said recesses, said crosselement and said parallel elements so related that when said crosselement is in said space in a block in one course of the blocks in saidwall the outer faces of said parallel elements are in contact with theend walls of said space and the inner faces of said parallel elementsare in contact with the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks inanother course of said blocks.

4. A Wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a verticalspace extend ingtherethrough and with vertical recesses at the endsthereof substantially in line with said space, in combination with metalmembers comprising parallel elements, said space and said recesses sorelated to said parallel elements that the end walls of said space inblocks in one course of blocks in said wall are in a predeterminedposition relative to the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks inadditional courses, and said parallel elements arranged to extendvertically through the space in a block in one course and through saidspace in adjacent blocks in an additional course, to bind said blockstogether and to anchor one course to another course.

5. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a spaceextending vertically therethrough and recesses at both ends in line withsaid space, in combination with U-shaped metal bars of substantially thesame width as said space and recesses to bind together adjacent blocksin a course, and to anchor blocks in said course to blocks in anadditional course.

6. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a verticalspace extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the endsthereof, in combination With vertical metal bars, said space and saidrecesses so related that the end walls of said space in a block in onecourse of blocks in said wall are in a predetermined position relativeto the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks in another course, andsaid bars extend through said space in said blocks in aplurality ofcourses.

NILS E. CLEMENTSON.

